The concept of risk-based thinking has been implicit in previous editions of this International Standard
including, for example, carrying out preventive action to eliminate potential nonconformities,
analyzing any nonconformities that do occur, and taking action to prevent recurrence that is
appropriate for the effects of the nonconformity.基于风险的思维(见A.4)是实现质量管理体系有效性
的基础。本标准以前的版本已经隐含基于风险思维的概念,例如:采取预防措施消除潜在的不合格,
对发生的不合格进行分析,并采取与不合格的影响相适应的措施,防止其再次发生。
To conform to the requirements of this International Standard, an organization needs to plan and
implement actions to address risks and opportunities. Addressing both risks and opportunities
establishes a basis for increasing the effectiveness of the quality management system, achieving
improved results and preventing negative effects.为了满足本标准的要求,组织需策划和实施应对风险
和机遇的措施。应对风险和机遇,为提量管理体系有效性、获得改进结果以及防止不利影响奠定
基础。
Opportunities can arise as a result of a situation favourable to achieving an intended result, for
example, a set of circumstances that allow the organization to attract customers, develop new
products and services, reduce waste or improve productivity. Actions to address opportunities can
also include consideration of associated risks. Risk is the effect of uncertainty and any such uncertainty
can have positive or negative effects. A positive deviation arising from a risk can provide an
opportunity, but not all positive effects of risk result in opportunities.某些有利于实现预期结果的情况
可能导致机遇的出现,例如:有利于组织吸引顾客、开发新产品和服务、减少浪费或提高生产率的一
系列情形。利用机遇所采取的实施也可能包括相关风险。风险是不确定性的影响,不确定性可能有正
面的影响,也可能有的影响。风险的正面影响可能提供机遇,但并非所有的正面影响均可提供机
遇。
0.4 Relationship with other management system standards 与其他管理体系标准的关系
This International Standard applies the framework developed by ISO to improve alignment among its
International Standards for management systems (see Clause A.1).本标准采用ISO制定的管理体系标准
框架,以提高与其他管理体系标准的协调一致性(见9001附录A.1)。
This International Standard enables an organization to use the process app
Design for assembly (DFA) 装配设计(DFA)
Process by which products are designed with ease of assembly considerations. (e.g., if a product contains
fewer parts it will take less time to assemble, thereby reducing assembly costs)
出于便于装配的考虑设计产品的过程。(例如,若产品含有较少零件,产品的装配时间则较短,从而
减少装配成本。)
3 Terms and definitions 术语和定义
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000:2015 apply.ISO 9000:
2015界定的术语和定义适用于本文件。
Aftermarket part 售后市场零件
Replacement part(s) not procured or released by an OEM for service part applications, which may or may
not be produced to original equipment specifications并非由OEM为服务件应用而采购或放行的替换零
件,可能按照或未按照原始设备规范进行生产
Advanced product quality planning (APQP) 产品质量先期策划(APQP)
Product quality planning process that supports development of a product or service that will satisfy
customer requirements; APQP service as a guide in the development process and also a standard way to
share results between organizations and their customers; APQP covers design robustness,design testing
and specification compliance,production process design,quality inspection standards,process capability,
production capacity,production packing,product testing and operator training plan,among other items
对开发某一满足顾客要求的产品或服务提供支持的产品质量策划过程;APQP对开发过程具有指导意
义,并且是组织与其顾客之间共享结果的标准方式;APQP涵盖的项目包括设计稳健性,设计试验和
规范符合性,生产过程设计,质量检验标准,过程能力,生产能力,产品包装,产品试验和操作员培
训计划
Periodic overhaul 周期性检修
maintenance methodology to prevent a major unplanned breakdown where, based on fault or
interruption history, a piece of equipment, or subsystem of the equipment, is proactively taken out of
service and disassembled, repaired, parts replaced, reassembled, and then returned to service用于防止发
生重大意外故障的维护方法,此方法根据故障或中断历史,主动停止使用某一设备或设备子系统,然
后对其进行拆卸、修理、更换零件、重新装配并恢复使用
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